Search results for "A share"
showing 10 items of 13 documents
Why Are New Drugs Expensive and How Can They Stay Affordable?
2019
Increasing life expectancy leading to a higher median age causes an increasing need for healthcare resources, which is aggravated by an increasing prevalence of preventable diseases such as type 2 diabetes. This includes increasing expenditures for medicines, although these increases when expressed as a share of overall societal wealth are more moderate than often claimed. An increasing use of generic medicines (currently about 90% of all prescriptions) means that costs for discovery and development of innovative drugs must be recovered on a shrinking percentage of prescriptions. However, the key challenge to affordable drugs is exponentially increasing costs to bring a new medicine to the …
The Analysis of the Relationship between the Level of the Public Expenditure for Investments and de Degree of Development of the Society in Romania
2013
Abstract Public expenditure for development have a decisive role in Romania in the economic recovery of the country, in a first step, but at the same time taking into account the EU's objectives. Romania during 2000-2010 had the largest public investment expenditures across European countries as a share of GDP, and in 2011 was ranked second after Poland. But while the share of GDP allocated to public investment in Romania is above the average of EU countries, in the economy these expenditures have been seen too little. Looking at Lisbon Index score, which tracks the performance of member countries to achieve the objectives of the current Lisbon strategy, one can notice that Romania is on th…
Stable sharing rules and participation in pools of essential patents
2019
Abstract For pools of essential patents I study whether a pool's sharing rule is stable against arbitrage, so that the pool's members have no incentive to trade patents. I show that the only stable rule is the numeric proportional rule, which gives each member a share of the pool's profit equal to its share of the pool's patents. I study how the stable rule affects firms' incentives to participate, and I show that firms with few patents tend to remain outside the pool. I look at the trade off between stability and participation, and I show that as trade dilutes their shares, members prefer the stable rule. I consider individual licenses, stand-alone patents, integration, and R&D. The result…
Producer Services and the Current Account
2022
Abstract In this paper, we present evidence that countries which experienced a larger expansion of services as a share of GDP in recent years exhibited lower current account balances. We argue that this relationship is compatible with the notion that producer services raise aggregate productivity by enhancing increasing returns to specialization, and we develop a model in which the deregulation of the services industry results in higher GDP growth, a reallocation of resources into the services industry, and a temporary current account deficit. We demonstrate that our theoretical argument is supported by the data, even if we control for a multitude of other factors that potentially affect th…
A review of multiple faults diagnosis methods in Voltage Source Inverters
2015
This paper examines, as in short review, the methods of diagnosis of simple and multiple faults on Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). The methods examined here are essentially based on the inspection of the load currents. Some of these diagnosis methods are characterized by low computational effort, other for a better reliability avoiding faultless positive tests. Some solutions are characterized by a share of these benefits while others prefer an enforcement of trustworthiness, in spite of the lower calculation amount. The analysis of the technical literature, certainly, offers a glimpse about the creation of new algorithms and significant advances for the future.
The Impact of Financial Arrangements and Institutional Form on Housing Prices
2009
Published version of an article from the journal: The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics. Also available on SpringerLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11146-009-9213-z Dwellings in housing cooperatives constitute 15% of the Norwegian housing property market. The price paid for such dwellings consists of two elements: An equity price and a share of the mutual debt held by the cooperative. The interest rate paid on the housing cooperative’s mutual debt is in Norway lower than the interest rate paid on private loans. This gives rise to an interest discount effect . We find convincing empirical support for the interest discount effect, which contributes to a higher equity price for dwel…
Multi-party metering: An architecture for privacy-preserving profiling schemes
2013
Several privacy concerns about the massive deploy- ment of smart meters have been arisen recently. Namely, it has been shown that the fine-grained temporal traces generated by these meters can be correlated with different users behaviors. A new architecture, called multi-party metering, for enabling privacy-preserving analysis of high-frequency metering data without requiring additional complexity at the smart meter side is here proposed. The idea is to allow multiple entities to get a share of the high-frequency metering data rather than the real data, where this share does not reveal any information about the real data. By aggregating the shares provided by different users and publishing …
The law and the risks of stability and integrity for financial institutions
2011
Purpose – There are ever growing relations and mutual influences between law and global economic context: so, there arises the need for them to be investigated in a legal perspective, which is the aim of this paper.Design/methodology/approach – The method used tries to combine the empirical observation of the legal and economic reality in today's world and a few essential theoretical foundations such as the freedom to dispose of one's rights by wave of contractual instrument.Findings – The dramatic crisis that the global world has had to face over the past few years compels legal scholars to revisiting process of traditional categories in order to adapt them to society's changing problems.R…
Abitare nel reale. Dalla crisi della periferia alla tessitura di nuove relazioni contestuali
2019
I progetti redatti per “Palermo Sud-Est” sono il risultato di un Laboratorio di Laurea strutturatosi attraverso incontri, seminari, comunicazioni specialistiche, esposizioni critiche, che – in una strategia condivisa – ha visto ogni studente elaborare il proprio lavoro nel confronto con gli altri attori del Laboratorio stesso. La ricerca sui “progetti urbani” è stata impostata di modo che ogni laureando fosse messo a conoscenza dei progetti svolti nello stesso ambito territoriale dai colleghi che l’avevano preceduto, così da poter operare in continuità e contribuire a formulare un ragionamento unitario, nel quale ogni progetto costituisse continuazione, verifica o anche variante dei precede…
Understanding moderating effects in increasing share-of-wallet and word-of-mouth : A case study of Lidl grocery retailer
2018
This study examines how five moderating variables (the length of the customer relationship, following a company in print media and on social media, remembering online advertisements, and the customer’s age) affect the relationships between perceived value and loyalty and satisfaction and loyalty in the grocery retailing sector. A series of hypotheses were developed and tested with a sample of 2,072 discount retailer customers in Finland. The results support all the direct effects hypotheses and show that perceived value and satisfaction both have a positive effect on loyalty, measured as a share of wallet and word of mouth and that the effect of perceived value tends to be stronger in the s…